The Cultural Celebration Of Puerto Rico - 1327 Words

When we are young, we don’t pay much attention to our family culture food traditions. Maybe we do, but most of the times we enjoy them, more than knowing the feeling behind that specific plate or the hard work that take to prepare a good family tradition dinner that one can remember even when many years had passed. Food tradition defines our culture. Not only defines our culture, but give us a special connection with our culture and a connection with our family members in the distance and also can evoke great memories with your family. Many different culture, celebrates Christmas different way, but if you haven’t celebrated Christmas in Puerto Rico, you can’t understand the importance role between food and music as part of this cultural celebration. December is here. The family gathering is approaching. Living on a tropical Island, in the countryside waking up with the aroma of coffee in a nice breezy morning, the noise of the chicken, dogs barking, pigs, and horses on the top of the mountain is normal. But it is December 20th and there is an irregular noise outside, and when Juan walks outside he sees an old man wearing a big hat, boots, and farm clothing, his face and body was covered with blood and hair, but also there was a strong smell outside. That was when he notice the old man was killing pigs in a nice sunny morning. You can hear the pig crying, you can see blood everywhere not only on the old man, but there were big blood splashes in the floor, and the steam ofShow MoreRelatedSpan and Puerto Rico Cultural Similarities and Differences Presentation1469 Words   |  6 PagesSpan and Puerto Rico Cultural Similarities and Differences presentation Span 101 This presentation will explain the differences and similarities, if any, in the countries of Spain and Puerto Rico’s. The presentation will show the differences and similarities between the two countries arts, culture, and economic environment. The presentation will show how both countries have a assimilation of cultural and distinctiveness. Even though both countries have similarities and differences, they both haveRead MoreEssay on Cultural Diversity in Nursing Care986 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Diversity in Nursing Care November 01, 2010 Cultural Diversity in Nursing Care Health in all cultures is an important aspect of life. A person’s cultural background, religion and/or beliefs, greatly influences a person’s health and their response to medical care (Spector, 2004). These diverse cultures guide decisions made in daily life; what food eaten, living arrangements made, medications taken and medical advice listened to. A nurse must be knowledgeable and respectful of theseRead MoreCultural Diversity in Nursing Care1000 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Diversity in Nursing Care Rhonda Dilks Grand Canyon University Family Health Promotion NRS 429V November 01, 2010 Cultural Diversity in Nursing Care Health in all cultures is an important aspect of life. A person’s cultural background, religion and/or beliefs, greatly influences a person’s health and their response to medical care (Spector, 2004). These diverse cultures guide decisions made in daily life; what food eaten, living arrangements made, medications taken and medicalRead More The Identity of a Puerto Rican Essay3173 Words   |  13 PagesThe Identity of a Puerto Rican Sidney W. Mintz describes the Caribbean as a scattering of some fifty inhabited units spanning nearly 2, 500 miles of sea between Mexicos Yucatan Peninsula and the north coast of South America, constitute the oldest colonial sphere of Western European overseas expansion... these territories were dominated and navigated and explored, their aborigines had been thrust into the consciousness of European monarchs, philosophers, and scientists (17). The islands in theRead MoreThe Americanization of Puerto Rico1056 Words   |  5 Pageson invading Puerto Rico and driving out Spains rulers, Puerto Ricans welcomed the North Americans to their home. (To view an in-progress work dealing with the Spanish-American War from a pro-colonial expansion point of view, visit this site/ For an objective historical account view this site). The Puerto Ricans were tired of not having a voice in politics and government and with the knowledge that America was a democracy, there was hope that this status quo would change. 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Today, with multiculturalism entering into the classrooms and other realms, different cultures are finally getting the attention they deserve. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American idea of cultural and racialRead MoreEssay on The Roots of Bilingual Education1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Hartford as the population of Puerto Ricans increased so did the need for the advancement of Puerto Ricans. Ethnic politics became important in the advancement of Puerto Ricans in Hartford from 1950 to present day. Jose Cruz in the book Identity and Power writes, Others saw clearly that politics was a means to advance a Puerto Rican agenda that included bilingual education, the hiring of Spanish-speaking police and firefighters, the official celebration of Puerto Rican holidays, and better employmentRead MoreEssay on The Music of Puerto Rico3161 Words   |  13 PagesMusic, in the history of Puerto Rico, has played a role of great significance as a means of cultural expression. The five centuries of musical activity shows that Puerto Ricans have created, developed and promoted a variety of genres ranging from folk music, concert music and new genres. The Puerto Rican music and native musicians have shaped and enriched the identity of the Puerto Rican people and their roots. Puerto Rican music was the ultimate expression of the â€Å"Areito† (indigenous artistic traditions)Read MoreThe Rich Culture in Dominica534 Words   |  2 Pages Dominica, its rich culture is a blend of English, French, African, and Carib peoples. Though Dominica received its independence from Britain on November 3rd 1978, the country commemorates this date with an extended period of cultural celebrations which can last as long as four weeks. Dominica is the only Caribbean island with a remaining population of pre-Columbian Carib Indians. Migrating in waves from South America as early as 3,000 B.C., various tribes made Dominica their home, and

Short Story Essay - 1570 Words

There was a girl named Kandy, she was 15 years old. Her life was extremely boring, all she ever did was go to school, go on her computer, eat and sleep. She spent all summer on her computer. She was really good with HTML and spent her free time making web sites. Kandy didnt have many friends and rarely talked to guys because she was shy and unconfident about her looks. Thats why she went into chat rooms. She made a web site with pictures of herself on it and told people in chat rooms to go there. A lot of people would tell her how pretty she was and some would say she was ugly. That made her feel awful. When anyone would say anything nice to her, she wouldnt believe them and think that they were just making fun of her. She only had†¦show more content†¦But Kandy started liking Gary a lot more than before. Turns out that Gary liked her too, and her best friend, Ang. Homecoming quickly came up and both Kandy and Ang had to get dresses. Kandys mom drove them both to the mall an d they went strait to Debs to pick out dresses. Ang got a light purple dress with sparkles all over it. Kandy had a harder time picking out her dress, she was extremely picky. Having to look perfect, Kandy grabbed four dresses and headed off to the dressing room. After trying them all on and modeling them for her friend, she picked out a beautiful short black, spaghetti strapped dress, with a long dark blue see through layer attached. Kandy asked Gary to go to the Homecoming dance with her and he said yes. Homecoming finally arrived, while waiting for the football game to end, and the dance to start, Kandy went into a chat room to talk to her online friends. They talked for over an hour. She said bye to them all and started getting ready for the dance. Quickly she put on blue finger nail and toe nail polish, to match her dress. Then she put on her make up. Slowly rubbing the cold liquid foundation all over her face, then softly dabbing the powdery cover up on. After looking at the c lock, and seeing that it was nearly 9:00, she quickly brushed on her blush, carefully penciled on her eye liner, brushed on eye shadow, and gently applied mascara. She looked absolutelyShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. 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How to Clean the Harman Pf100 Furnace Free Essays

How to Clean the Harman PF100 Furnace Here are step-by-step instructions for cleaning your Harman PF100 Pellet Furnace. These instructions are to be used in conjunction with the owner’s manual that came with your furnace. If you have any questions about the procedure please don’t hesitate to call your local authorized dealer. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Clean the Harman Pf100 Furnace or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to maintain top efficiency it is important to clean and vacuum the inside of the furnace 3 or 4 times per burn season. The furnace is designed to be very easy to clean and it should take about an hour to complete. A thorough cleaning is required at the end of each heating season. Keep in mind that cleaning both your insert and venting system is essential. It boosts heat output and keeps the furnace running at maximum efficiency. Many Harman dealers offer annual cleaning services for their customers. Please read through this entire guide before beginning. TOOLS YOU WILL NEED: Dust Mask Safety Goggles Shop vacuum w/fine dust (HEPA) filter Standard socket set or nut driver set Tooth brush 3† to 4† paintbrush Small putty knife Hearth glass cleaner Paper towels Rubber gloves (soot really gets into pores) Drop cloth Flashlight or drop light 4 in. lexible brush (for venting pipe) Burn pot scraper (included w/furnace) TIPS BEFORE YOU START: Be sure the furnace is completely out and cool (and unplugged from electrical power! ). The furnace must be completely out before cleaning. Every part must be cool to the touch, including the pellets that are left in the burn pot. Live pellets are a fire hazard – especially if they get sucked into a vacuum clea ner. Every year there are stories of house vacuums catching fire by inadvertently sucking up hot ashes. Worse still this can be the source of a house fire! Hot ashes should be stored in a metal container with a tight fitting lid. When the ashes are completely out they can be used as a soil conditioner for your lawn or garden. Wear a dust mask! This is important! Don’t be foolhardy when it comes to protecting your lungs. Wear a mask and protective goggles. Professional chimney sweeps wear both while performing cleaning tasks. STEP #1: PREPARE THE WORK AREA Start by placing a drop cloth on the floor in front of your furnace. Alternatively you can use newspaper. Keep your tools on the drop cloth so you can wrap them in it and take them outside for cleaning when you are done. STEP #2: CLEAN THE EXTERIOR OF THE BURN POT Open the side access door (Fig. 1) and begin by removing loose soot deposits from within the burn pot. Remove the flame guide and vacuum the ash from the burn pot and above the burn pot (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Clean the burn pot using the scraper provided (Fig. 3). Use the flat end of the scraper to remove the carbon from the burn pot. Alternatively use a hammer and a straight tip screw driver to tap the deposits loose. STEP #3: CLEAN THE INTERIOR OF THE BURN POT You’ll now need to clean ash from inside the burn pot. Remove the clean out plate under the burn pot by loosening the two wing nuts holding the plate in place (Fig. 4). You many need to use pliers to loosen the wing nuts initially. Vacuum all ash from the burn pot’s interior (Fig. 5). Fig. 6 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Use your finger to brush out any ash that can’t be reached with the nozzle of the vacuum (Fig. 6). After cleaning, be sure the plate is fully closed before hand tightening the wing nuts. (Note: Do not tighten the wing nuts with pliers. ) STEP #4: REMOVE THE UPPER BAFFLE PLATE Remove the upper baffle plate from the firebox on the wall opposite the burn-pot. To accomplish this, lift the cover plate up about 1/2† and it can be removed for cleaning (Fig. 7). Use the pointed end of the scraper and a brush to clean the heat exchanger behind the cover, let the ashes fall into the ash pan. Clean the remainder of the inside of the burn chamber using the scraper, putty knife, brush and vacuum. Fig. 7 Second Baffle Plate: After all the scraping and brushing of ashes is complete you can remove and empty the ash pan. There is a second baffle plate located below the upper baffle plate that becomes accessible when the ash pan is removed. Tip the top of the cover forward and lift up and out of the furnace. Do a final clean-up of the baffle and vacuuming of the inside of the firebox area and the ash pan (ashes noted by lower right arrow on Fig. 7). Replace the baffle plates being sure they are securely latched into position. Also, be sure the flame guide is replaced on the burn pot. Replace the ash pan, close and latch the firebox door and outside cover door. STEP #5: REMOVE THE COMBUSTION MOTOR First, remove the combustion blower cover. The combustion blower housing is held in place with two flip latches (Fig. ). Next, remove the combustion motor by first loosening the three thumb screws (Fig. 9). You can then twist the motor assembly counter-clockwise to remove it. NOTE: The motor wires do not need to be disconnected. Fig. 8 Fig. 9 STEP #6: CLEAN THE COMBUSTION MOTOR SURROUNDING AREA When the combustion blower is removed, the inside of the combustion blower area (Fig. 10) needs to be brushed and vacuumed. Next, the fins of the combustion blower (Fig. 11) will need detailed cleaning as they will accumulate sooty dust. Although the combustion fan is shown removed in this view for clarity (Fig. 12), you do not need to disconnect the wiring of the motor for this step. The fins of the blower need to be carefully cleaned with a toothbrush. Be extra careful not to bend the fins on the combustion blower as this may cause an imbalance or interference with the inside of the blower housing when it is reassembled. Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 STEP #7: CLEAN THE AUGER DRIVE BOX The next step is to clean the inside of the pellet feed mechanism and a general cleanup â€Å"under the hood† of the furnace. Start by removing the large sheet-metal cover under the pellet hopper (Fig. 13). There are four screws holding this cover in place; two are located as seen in the image in fig. 13. The other two screws are on the other side of the furnace. You need only to loosen the screws a few turns and slide the cover off. Fig. 13 Under the cover you will find the feeder assembly; you will need to remove the wing nut in the center of the housing cover (Fig. 14) and remove the cover. After removing the cover, clean out the inside of the housing (Fig. 15) with a small brush and a vacuum. Replace the auger assembly cover and wing nut and then the outer sheet metal cover. Tighten the sheet metal cover screws snuggly and you are done cleaning the â€Å"engine housing†. Fig. 14 Fig. 15 STEP #8: CLEAN OR REPLACE THE AIR FILTER You will need to clean or replace the air filter on the filter box (Fig. 16). Follow the air filter manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning or replacement. Filters are widely available at hardware stores and home centers. Fig. 16 STEP #9: SWEEP THE ENTIRE FLUE SYSTEM It is very important that the entire flue system is inspected and cleaned once per year. In order to clean the flue system you will need to sweep it from its exit point using rods and an appropriately sized brush. You may need to take apart sections of pipe in order to do this. Note: Professional installers often design the venting system so that certain joints can be taken apart. These joints will often have either aluminum tape or silicone caulking on the outside. Use a knife to scrape off the silicone caulking on the joints you plan to take apart. If your pellet stove is installed into an existing chimney you will need to clean the chimney as well as the pellet pipe. To do this you will need the appropriate sized chimney brush and rods. (i. e. a six inch diameter chimney will need a 6† diameter brush) Once the flue system has been cleaned, reconnect and recaulk the pellet vent. High temperature RTV silicone caulking will work for this. Note: it is very important that each joint of the pipe within the home be airtight. Even small pinhole leaks can leak smoke! If you have any questions regarding any aspect of these cleaning instructions, please refer back to your Owner’s Manual or contact your authorized Harman dealer. How to cite How to Clean the Harman Pf100 Furnace, Essay examples

Organizational Behavior Theories and Principles

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behavior for Theories and Principles. Answer: Introduction Organization Behavior is a very vast topic and basically comprising of the study of the behavior of the people in any organization. As it is already known that that the most important asset for any organization are their employees. It is very important for the organization to keep their employees happy and satisfied so that they can deliver as per their maximum potential. To ensure this happens, it is necessary to understand their behavior and act accordingly. It is not an easy task as there are many challenges that are associated with this. Every individual in an organization is different from each other and to manage all of them at once with same rules and guidelines is taxing for the management of any organization. It is very important for any organization that their employees work as a team and deliver (Arvey, 2016). Organization Behavior deals with the study and analysis of behavior of the employees in any organizational environment. It is basically the study of the linkage betw een the organizational setup and related human behavior. The employees send most of their time in the organization, hence they need to have a friendly and vibrant environment for work otherwise it will be a very monotonous and boring schedule. For this, every organization should take steps and help the employees to always remain motivated. Background of the Organization The organization selected for this assignment is Barclays Shared Services which is located in Noida, India. It is ones of the subsidiaries of the Barclays bank PLC which is headquartered in UK. It is considered as one of the largest firm in UK comprising of more than 12k employees in various sectors like technology, banking, and shared services operations. BSS is basically responsible for providing support to the operations throughout Barclays. The main services of BSS consists of providing and ensuring seamless, sustainable and scalable operations. They also ensure that the services are delivered in a controlled environment (Langeberg, 2015). This is done by maintaining proper governance and complying the rules and policies of the company. They also facilitate process design and re-engineering services. BSS has its centers in various cities in India like Chennai, Noida, Mumbai, etc. It is also located in South Africa. BSS was born in India in the year 2007. From the beginning, the c ompany has evolved and have grown to a large extent. It now have more than 9K employees. In South Africa as well, it has grown enormously since 2012 and it already have around 4k employees. Problems faced in Organizations One such problem that Barclays have been experiencing from over decades now and have never been able to overcome with numerous efforts is motivation about employees which is leading to fear of failure and lack of trust in management. This is extremely affecting on Emotions and Moods and satisfaction on job. There are many problems that are being faced by the employers in any organization. These problems comprise of employees leaving the organization, low motivation for work, dissatisfied with the working environment, disputes with the managers and the co-workers, customer dissatisfaction, etc. There problems which are being faced by the organization has to be handled with proper care and there has to be proper setup to deal with such problems (Coghlan, 2014). The most prominent issues out of the ones mentioned earlier is lack of motivation to perform better. Motivation issues can occur at any level of the organization whether it is shop floor labors or the line managers. These issues of motivation occur due to many reasons like lack of adequate tools to achieve the goals, lack of proper support from the team members, lack of employees recognition for good work, no perks for the employees, etc. All these issues require utmost attention and has to be dealt with proper care (Schunk, 2012). Reasons behind these issues in any organization There are many root cause behind such issues. Some of them comprises of mainly not providing the employees with what they expect from the organization and their managers. In BSS also, it is often found that the employees are not satisfied with the hike they are offered or they are not properly recognized for their good work in the organization (Robbins, 2015). Different reasons for such dissatisfaction can be classified in different categories. Some of them can be discussed as below: Expectation not correctly setup: The employers do not setup the right expectation to the employees and then there is a gap between what is expected and what is delivered. Its very important for any manager to first setup defined goals, guidelines and tasks for the employees so that they should have proper knowledge as to what is expected out of them. In Barclays, this is one problem which is faced by some of the employees. Lack of proper Rewards, Recognition, and Bonus to the employees: This is one of the most important factor for the employees where they are not provided with proper recognition for the work they have done. Recognition has many forms ranging from verbal recognition in front of the co-workers or a certificate for the same (Scandura, 2016). This is also reflect somewhere as a financial gain for the employees for their better services. No proper groups, circle: It is very important for the people in any team to gel among themselves and create a friendly working environment. This can be done by ensuring they the company have proper team building activities, they should provide a setup where team members can easily approach each other and create a healthy working environment. Places where such setup is missing create problems and people do not work properly in teams. This is also a problem in BSS at times. Impact on the organization Many factors like capital, human resources and environmental facte capital, human resource and environmental factors influence performance of ors influence performance of organizations. The absence of the solution to the above problem has always been a matter of concern for the management. Due to low motivation there is hardly any interdependency between members of the same team. As a result, a conflict of interests rises between different team members which regarding multiple aspects, which eventually hurts the team as a whole (Czaplewski, 2016). The company has to suffer client dissatisfaction, work not getting competed within deadlines, low energy among employees and a dull working environment in the organization. There have been times when multiple members of the same team takes a leave which further affects the abandon rate of the calls coming in, thus, resulting in loss for the company. With a high attrition rate, there has always been a shortage of head count for occupying the available seats. This forces the organization to offer over time to existing employees to meet the business requirement (Benesch, 2014). Challenges to management The work force management has to be on the toes to ensure every minute and seconds are utilized appropriately, which leads to extra pressure for everyone, from the call center executive to the process manager as they have to be accountable for any type of delay. To add cherry to the ice cake, since employees are hardly motivated, they develop a lax attitude and act unprofessionally while dealing with the clients, internally and externally, thus resulting in low quality of service. This increases workload for the quality department and extra cost on new projects (Weick, 2016). One of the challenge that favors against the organizations strategy in terms of motivation is output. The success for any organization is measures by the output is it producing within specified timelines. It is a big challenge for them to increase productivity as this will affect the motivation and expectations from the employees. Proposed Solution and theories Motivation to Employees: There are different theories for keeping the employees motivated and what are the factors on which the motivation for any individual depends. These different theories are Maslows hierarchy theory for needs, Vroom expectancy theory, McGregors theory X and Y (Beck, 2003). These theories are helping in providing insight to the employees as to how they can keep their employees motivated for BSS. Let us understand each of the theories as below: Maslows hierarchy of needs: Maslow has very well explained how employees have different needs and how these needs can be classified in the form of a hierarchy. These needs are divided into different levels of this hierarchy. Same applies to BSS, different employees of BSS have different needs. These needs are: Psychological needs: These are the first level of needs where the employees are having the basic need of food, water, sanity, etc. Then when these needs are satisfied, next level of needs are the safety needs (Locke, 1986). These needs comprise of the need where employees demand their security after their psychological needs are satisfied. Especially for women, company provide special security facilities. Then next we have the esteem needs, like when the employees need recognition for the work they do. After the psychological and safety needs are fulfilled, they have the need to satisfy the esteem needs. As shown in the figure the next level of needs are the cognitive needs as to understand and explore in the organization. Next level of needs are the aesthetic needs where they have needs to look beautiful, order, symmetry, etc. The last one is the self-actualization needs where the employees do not care anymore about money, safety, etc. As these needs are already fulfilled, now the n eeds of the employees are self-fulfilment and realize ones potential. Vroom expectance theory: This theory is defined as the motivation theory where behaviour of the employee is based on their motivation levels. This model is basically comprising of Valence, expectancy and instrumentality. Valence is the recognition and reward which is provided to the employees in return of the work they have done. Expectancy is basically defined as the efforts any employee put in in return to the expectation that they will get in return for the work they do. Instrumentally on the other hand, employees confidence to get any reward. These theories can be used to keep the employees motivated based on Maslows hierarchy needs and Vrooms expectancy theory. Strong leadership and following Supportive model. This means providing employees freedom to work according to their comfort till the time the deliverables of the company are not affected. They should have a proper guidance and strong leadership. This is what is expected as BSS as well where the leaders should always motivate the employees to perform better and work according to their preferences. Their consent should be taken while making any decisions of the organization and they should feel that they are an important asset to the organization. There are different aspects where freedom can be given to the employees like Job rotation, flexible working hours, and work from home facility, etc. Implementation Programs: There are different processes which can be used for implementation of the recommendations: Training of the employees: it is very important to provide training to the employees on different new technologies so that the employees always get to learn new things and be competitive. Job Design: every job should be properly described and the expectation from the employees should be properly set. Rewards/recognition: Timely and periodically proper rewards should be provided to the employees which will require a robust performance management system. BSS has a proper performance management system and this should also result in providing bonuses, perks, hikes when the employees perform well. Conclusion BSS is performing well till time but the employees somehow can be dealt with more care. It is very important for any company to help their employees to grow and keep them motivated to give their 100 percent efforts for achieving the goals of the organization. This can be done by following the recommendation provided in the paper. References Arvey, R. D., Li, W., Wang, N. (2016). Genetics of Attitudes and Behavior at Work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1). Beck, R. C. (2003). Motivation: Theories And Principles, 4/e. Pearson Education India. Benesch, M. G., Mannock, D. A., Lewis, R. N., McElhaney, R. N. (2014). A DSC and FTIR spectroscopic study of the effects of the epimeric 4-cholesten-3-ols and 4-cholesten-3-one on the thermotropic phase behaviour and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes: Comparison with their 5-cholesten analogues.Chemistry and physics of lipids,177, 71-90 Czaplewski, A. J., Key, T. M., Van Scotter II, J. R. (2016). The Role of Positive Organizational Behavior in Building a WorldClass Service Organization. Leading The Positive Organization: Actions, Tools, and Processes, 58. Langeberg, L. K., Scott, J. D. (2015). Signalling scaffolds and local organization of cellular behaviour.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,16(4), 232-244. Coghlan, D., Brannick, T. (2014).Doing action research in your own organization. Sage. Locke, E. A., Henne, D. (1986). Work motivation theories. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 1, 1-35. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2015). Perilaku Organisasi Edisi 16. Schunk, D. H., Meece, J. R., Pintrich, P. R. (2012). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Pearson Higher Ed. Scandura, T. A. (2016). Essentials of organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. SAGE Publications. Weick, K. E. (2016). Perspective Construction in Organizational Behavior. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1).